Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en población adulta de un área de Salud Urbana / Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in an urban health area

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos de un área de salud urbana e identificar a grupos de alto riesgo cardiovascular (diabéticos e hipertensos) que puedan beneficiarse de una intervención enfermera sobre modificación de estilos de vida para reducir el peso. Método. Estudio transversal analítico realizado con una muestra aleatoria de 2.270 individuos obtenida a partir de la población adulta (18–80 años) perteneciente a un centro de salud. A todos los participantes se les realizó una historia clínica (incluyendo datos sociodemográficos), una exploración física y determinaciones analíticas. Resultados. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio se encontraba en el rango del sobrepeso (26,9±5,1kg/m2) y fue superior en varones. El 38% de la muestra tenía sobrepeso y el 22% obesidad. No se encontraron diferencias entre sexos en la prevalencia de obesidad, aunque las mujeres presentaron una mayor prevalencia de obesidad grados ii y iii. El sobrepeso fue más frecuente en los varones. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad aumenta con la edad. El 7% de la muestra (156 personas) presentaron diabetes, el 31% (707) tenían hipertensión arterial y en el 5% (111 personas) coincidían ambas patologías. El IMC fue significativamente mayor (p<0,001) en los pacientes con diabetes e hipertensión (31,4±5,3), hipertensión (29,7±5,2) y diabetes (28,5±4,6) que en aquellos que no tenían estas patologías (25,4±4,3). Conclusiones. En nuestra población existe una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad siendo más elevada en pacientes con diabetes e hipertensión (AU)

Objective. To estimate prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults and to identify those individuals at high cardiovascular risk (subjects with type 2 diabetes or hypertension) in whom a nurse intervention might be beneficial in terms of life-style changes and reduction in body weight. Method. A cross-sectional study on 2270 adults (18–80 years-old) from an urban Primary Health Care Centre. Medical history, social and demographic data, physical examination and blood tests were collected. Results. The mean body mass index was 26.9±5.1kg/m2 and was found to be higher in men. Thirty-eight percent of subjects were overweight and 22% were obese. Although the prevalence of obesity was identical in both sexes, women had higher prevalences of type ii and iii obesity than men, but overweight was more frequent in men. Among those older than fifty years-old, 84% were overweight or obese. One-hundred and fifty-six (7%) subjects had type 2 diabetes and 707 (31%) had hypertension, and 111 (5%) subjects with both diabetes and hypertension. BMI was higher (P<0.001) in patients who suffered from, hypertension (29.7±5.2), diabetes (28.5±4.6), and diabetes and hypertension (31.4±5.3), than in those who did not suffer from these diseases (25.4±4.3). Conclusions. Obesity and overweight is highly prevalent in the population studied and is higher in patients with diabetes and hypertension (AU)

[Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in an urban health area]. / Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en población adulta de un área de Salud Urbana.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults and to identify those individuals at high cardiovascular risk (subjects with type 2 diabetes or hypertension) in whom a nurse intervention might be beneficial in terms of life-style changes and reduction in body weight. METHOD: A cross-sectional study on 2270 adults (18-80 years-old) from an urban Primary Health Care Centre. Medical history, social and demographic data, physical examination and blood tests were collected. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was 26.9±5.1kg/m(2) and was found to be higher in men. Thirty-eight percent of subjects were overweight and 22% were obese. Although the prevalence of obesity was identical in both sexes, women had higher prevalences of type ii and iii obesity than men, but overweight was more frequent in men. Among those older than fifty years-old, 84% were overweight or obese. One-hundred and fifty-six (7%) subjects had type 2 diabetes and 707 (31%) had hypertension, and 111 (5%) subjects with both diabetes and hypertension. BMI was higher (P<0.001) in patients who suffered from, hypertension (29.7±5.2), diabetes (28.5±4.6), and diabetes and hypertension (31.4±5.3), than in those who did not suffer from these diseases (25.4±4.3). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and overweight is highly prevalent in the population studied and is higher in patients with diabetes and hypertension.

Enfermedad arterial periférica oculta en población diabética seguida en atención primaria / Occult peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care

Introducción El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) no diagnosticada, mediante el índice tobillo-brazo (ITB), en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de una zona urbana seguidos en Atención Primaria (AP) y los factores asociados a la misma. Métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal (de prevalencia). Muestreo aleatorio sistemático de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, entre 50–80 años, seguidos en AP. Nuestra variable dependiente fue la presencia de EAP diagnosticada mediante un ITB<0,9. Variables independientes: demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio. Para determinar las variables asociadas a un ITB patológico se utilizó la regresión logística binaria por pasos hacia adelante. Resultados Muestra de 456 pacientes, de los que 243 (53%) eran hombres, con una edad media de 61±6 años. Presentaron ITB<0,9: 126 pacientes (27,6%), ITB entre 0,9 y 1,3: 310 pacientes (68%) y un ITB>1,3: 20 pacientes (4,4%). Mediante análisis multivariante las variables relacionadas con un ITB<0,9 fueron el ser o haber sido fumador, los años de evolución de la diabetes, el número de plaquetas y la hipertrigliceridemia, mientras que con un ITB>1,3 fueron el perímetro de cintura y las complicaciones microvasculares. Conclusiones La prevalencia de enfermedad arterial periférica es elevada en diabéticos tipo 2, consistente con lo publicado. Esta alta prevalencia de ITB alterado refuerza la recomendación de realizar el índice tobillo-brazo a todos los diabéticos tipo 2 mayores de 50 años valorados y seguidos en AP (AU)

Introduction The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of occult peripheral arterial disease (PAD) assessed by the ankle-brachial index (ABI) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus followed up in a single urban Primary Care Center. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving subjects who were sampled randomly from patients with type 2 diabetes and aged 50 to 80 years-old. The dependent variable was the presence of PAD, assessed by an ABI below 0.9. Demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters were also recorded. A forward, stepwise, logistic binary regression was built in order to examine variables associated with abnormal ABI.ResultsFour-hundred and fifty-six patients were included; they were 61±6 years-old, of which 243 (53%) were men. An ABI<0.9 was found in 126 patients (27.6%), 310 (68%) patients had an ABI 0.9–1.3 and only 20 patients (4.4%) had and ABI higher than 1.3. Using multivariate analyses, past or present smoking, duration of diabetes, platelet count and hypertriglyceridemia, were independently associated to PAD; on the contrary, only waist cincumference and the presence of microvascular disease were associated to an ABI higher than 1.3.Conclusion The prevalence of PAD was high and consistent with the literature, thus reinforcing the measurement of ABI for all patients with type 2 diabetes followed up in primary care. Smoking, duration of diabetes, platelet count and hypertriglyceridemia were independently associated to a low ABI (AU)